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改革后的大学英语四级阅读新增的长篇阅读题型,是段落信息匹配题。篇章后附有10个句子,每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题,有的段落可能不对应任何一题。以下是小编为大家整理的2014年英语四级阅读段落信息匹配题练习,供各位考生参考。
Animals on the Move
A) It looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A
huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and
forth like the pendulum of a clock. Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the
shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was
immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles
taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark
caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head
back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and
swallowed them. Soon the action was over.
Moving to Survive
B) In
pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role
of movement, or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement
to find food.They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and
explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping,
slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.Humans have the added advantage of
using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of
environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep
oceans to as far away as the moon.However, for other animals movement came about
naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful
examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero
in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by
Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H.
Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists
observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla.
Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made
of shark skin and muscle.
Skin Is the Key
C) The biologists discovered
that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in
swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like
the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These
fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether
the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored
in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When
the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.
D) The Duke University
biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends
its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along
the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is
stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back
the other way.
As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides
of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like
action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.
Source of
Energy
E) What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the
answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark’s similarity to a
belted radial tire doesn’t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated
by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen “radials”.
Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the
force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.
F) When the shark swims
slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more
relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal
swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the
shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take
place. The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure
change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored. This
energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the
story is predictable.
Dolphin Has Speed Record
G) Another fast marine
animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32
kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered
that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its
skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little
resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object
moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This
smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water
becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and
slows the fish down.
H) In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends
and yields to the waviness of the water. The waves, in effect, become tucked
into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in
a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid
speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking
speeds.
Other Animals Less Efficient
I) Not all animals move as
efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion
efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays
down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the
slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses
only one twelfth as much energy. Scientists say that because of the slug’s
inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the
animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and
finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of
problem?
1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to find food, to avoid being chased by its enemies, and to find a new place to live.
2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment.
3.The skin is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water.
4.According to the Duke University scientists, when bending its body in swimming, the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent.
5.Because it is also inflated by pressure, the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire.
6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims slowly through the water.
7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travel 12 times as long as a slug.
8.A shark finds its prey by feeling the vibrations of a struggling prey.
9.According to the passage, collagen fibers can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched.
10.When the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.
答案:
1.B
可以将答案定位在小标题“Moving to Survive”下第二段的前两句话,“Like the
shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to
escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now
territories”。
2.B
题干考查汽车、火箭和潜艇的例子是为了说明可以使人类到达任何环境,其中的“examples of
automobiles, rockets and submarines”是关键词,可以将答案定位在文章小标题“Moving to
Survive”下这句话,“Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions
to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and
submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the
moon”。
3.C
本题考查鲨鱼在水中快速游动的关键是在皮肤。其中的“key”是关键词,可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the
Key”下首段的第一句话,“The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to
the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the
water”,与本题句子完全一致,所以直接选择C即可。
4.D
题干中的“collagen fibers to the greatest
extent”是关键词,可以将答案定位在小标题“Skin Is the Key”下第二段的第一句话,“The Duke University
biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends
its body while swimming”。这与本题句子的内容完全一致,
5.E
题干中“a belted radial
tire”是关键词,可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Source of Energy”下第一段的第三句话,“Just as a radial tire is
inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen
‘radials’”。其中的“just as”和“so”正说明了两者的相似之处在于“inflated by
pressure”,所以答案应该是E。
6.G
题干中的关键词是“a laminar
flow”,所以可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Dolphin Has Speed Record”下,根据该节第一段的倒数第三、四句话,“Normally when
a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly
past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar
flow.”。题干是对这两句话的改写,所以正确答案是G。
7.I
题干中“a slug”和“a
mouse”均为关键词,可以直接定位在小标题“Other Animals Less Efficient”下第一段的第二句话,“It uses so much
energy ... a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much
energy”。题干是对该句的同义改写.
8.A
题干中的shark, prey,
struggling均为关键词,可以直接定位在A段,Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin
picked up vibrations of a struggling fish.
9.C
在Skin Is the
Key中,C段中第二、三句话,The fibers are called collagen fibers.
10.F
在Source of
Energy中,可以定位到第二段倒数第一句。
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