2016年12月大学英语四级阅读暑期练习及答案(十五)

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based onthe following passage.

　　In the second half of the twentieth century,many countries of the South(发展中国家)began tosend students to the industrialized countries for further education. Theyurgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept ofdevelopment based on modernization.

　　But many of these studentsdecided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training.At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt atease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied.

　　In the 1960s, some LatinAmerican countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special"return"programs to encourage their professionals to come back home.These programs received support from international bodies such as theInternational Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600qualified scientists

　　and technicians to return toLatin America.

　　In the 1980s and 1990s,"temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best useof trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries.This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer ofKnowledge through Expatriate(移居国外的)Nationals,which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries forshort periods. But the brain drain(人才流失)from thesecountries may well increase in response to the new laws of the internationalmarket in knowledge.

　　Recent studies forecast thatthe most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionalsaround twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, orso it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countrieswhich send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competentpeople to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging thetraining of people who may not come back because there are no professionaloutlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content withinstitutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, theymust introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return.If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.

　　62. Which of the following isNOT correct according to the passage?

　　A) The developing countriesbelieve that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to

　　meet their own needs formodernization.

　　B) The South American countrieshave been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.

　　C) Many people trained abroadremain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.

　　D) The InternationalOrganization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals toreturn to their own countries in a single year.

　　63. Which of the following isNOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brainpower?

　　A) Many professionals did notfeel comfortable in their home countries after they returned home.

　　B) "Temporary return"programs encouraged professionals to work in their home countries for shortperiods.

　　C) The new laws of theinternational market encourage knowledge transfer.

　　D) The professionals from thedeveloping countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply theirknowledge to the best advantage in their home countries.

　　64. In the author's opinion,the developing countries should__________.

　　A) keep their presentadministrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return aftergraduation

　　B) cooperate more effectivelywith international organizations

　　C) set up more return programsunder the guidance of the UN

　　D) send students abroad in thefields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their owncountries

　　65. According to the passage,the problem of the developing countries will continue __________.

　　A) as long as the developedcountries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domestically

　　B) as long as the developingcountries are content with their present institutional structures

　　C) unless those countries stopsending large number of students to be trained abroad

　　D) if their governments fail tomake administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals

　　66. The best title for thepassage is__________.

　　A) The Brain Drain of theDeveloping Countries

　　B) Knowledge Transfer

　　C) The Talents from the Developing Countries

　　D) The Failure of Development Programs

　　答案解析:

　　62.B 63.B 64.D 65.D 66.A