2016年12月英语四级阅读理解训练题及答案(五)

　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

　　The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.

　　We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively, refuse to wear seat　belts,eat whatever foods we want,and live a completely sedentary life-style without any excuse.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned.Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example,a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A multitude of factors,both inherited and environmental,influence the development of health related behaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choices.

　　There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices.In discussing the moral of personal choice,Fries and Crapo drew a comparison.They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.Thus,for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life,personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.

　　36. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because____.

　　A.personal health choices help cure most illnesses B.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

　　C.it is essential to personal freedom in American society D.wrong decisions could head to poor health

　　37. To “live a completely sedentary lifestyle”(Para. 1) in the passage means____.”

　　A.to live an inactive life B.to live a decent life C.to live a life with complete freedom D.to live a life of vice

　　38. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because____.

　　A.current medical knowledge is still insufficient

　　B.there are many factors influencing our decisions

　　C.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for longevity

　　D.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends

　　39. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to____.

　　A.improving the quality of one’s life

　　B.limiting one’s personal health choice

　　C.deliberately ending one’s life

　　D.breaking the rules of social behavior

　　40. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on____.

　　A.personal decisions B.laws of society

　　C.statistical evidence D.opinions of friends

　　参考答案：

　　36. 答案D。见原文前两句，“The concept of personal choice in relation to health　behavior is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if...”正确选择健康行为的观念非常重要。据估计，90%的疾病是可以避免的， 假如……。因此 D)为正确选项。

　　37. 答案A。见原文第一段“ ...and live a completely sede ntary life-style without　any exercise.”采取一种整天坐着而无运动的生活方式。A)to live an inactive life.符合该意，为正确答案。

　　38. 答案B。见原文第二段开头，“ A multitude of factors

　　influence the development of health-related behavior, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss...”该句说明影响人们选择健康行为方式的因素诸多。因此B为正确选项。

　　39. 答案C。见原文第二段“ ...knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.” 明知某一行为有统计的缩短寿命的可能而这么做无异于自杀。 C)项deliberately ending one’s life即为自杀，为正确选项。

　　40. 答案C。见原文最后一句“...personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.”人们应选择那些根据统计可增强活力增加寿命的行为方式。因此C)statistical evidence统计数据为正确答案。