2016年12月英语四级阅读选词填空练习及答案(六)

　　Section A

　　Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

　　The typical preindustrial family not only had a good many children，but numerous other dependents as well—grandparents，uncles，aunts and cousins.Such “extended” families were suited for survival in slow paced _36_ societies.But such families are hard to__37___.They are immobile.

　　Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs，and to move again whenever necessary.Thus the extended family 38 shed its excess weight and the so called “nuclear” family emerged—a stripped—down，portable family unit___39___0nly of parents and a small set of children.

　　This new style of family, far more___40___than the traditional extended family，became the standard model in all the industrial countries.Super-industrialism，however, the next stage of ec0—technological development，___41___ even higher mobility.Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlining process，a step further by remaining children，cutting the family down to its more___42___components，a man and a woman.Two people，perhaps with matched careers，will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status，through job changes and geographic relocations，than the ordinarily child—cluttered family.A___43___maybe the postponement of children，rather than childlessness.Men and women today are often torn in___44___between a commitment to career and a commitment to children.In the future，many___45___will side aside this problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.

　　答案：

　　36.【解析】 J。此处应填形容词，修饰名词societies。文章第一句就说The typical pre-industrial family…“工业化之前的典型家庭模式……”，也就是“extended” family，存在于工业化之前的社会，即agricultural society。选项中的primary society“原始社会”不符合原文意思。

　　37.【解析】A。由be hard to do sth.可知，此处应填动词原形。根据They are immobile“这样的家庭很 难流动”，可知只有transplant“迁居，迁移”符合文意。

　　38.【解析】C。此处应填副词，修饰动词shed。选项中的副词有gradually和continually，原文中…and the So-called “nuclear” family emerged“所谓的‘核心家庭’便出现了”，emerge意为“浮现”，强调经过一 个过程后出现的。由此可以判断核心家庭从无到有逐渐出现，而不是连续不断地出现，故选择gradually。

　　39.【解析】O。此处需填表示“包含，由……组成”的词。选项中的including和consisting均可以表示此意， 但由原文中的of可排除includin9，consist of为固定搭配。

　　40.【解析】H。由more…than可知，此处应填形容词，构成形容词的比较级结构。前面提到the traditional extended family是immobile，那么新型的家庭模式应该更具有流动性，故应选H。

　　41.【解析】M。此处缺少谓语动词。根据下文可以推测super-industrialism“(更发达的)超级工业化”需要更具流动性的家庭。空格处应填表示“需要，需求”的词。故选requires，表示出自一种迫切的需要 而提出的要求。

　　42.【解析】E。此处应填形容词，用来修饰名词components。文中说明家庭被减缩到由男人和女人组成。选项中的E)elemental“基本的，本质的”，而N)primary“主要的，最早的”，原文强调的是男人和女人是一个家庭最basic的组成部分，故E)更符合原文意思。

　　43.【解析】L。此处应填名词。晚要孩子，而不是不要孩子，是解决工作和孩子的折中的办法，故选项中的L)compromise“妥协，折中”符合文意。而solution虽然也表示解决办法，但不能表达夫妇们 无可奈何的心情，故排除。

　　44.【解析】F。上题中已提到工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾，故选conflict。

　　45.【解析】I。此处需填名词。空格后讲到养育孩子的问题，那么要解决这个问题应是夫妻两人，故这里应填I)couples。