2017年12月英语四级语法详解：宾语从句

　　新东方在线英语四级频道为大家整理了英语四级中常见的语法结构，一起来看看吧!

　　宾语从句

　　宾语从句 The Object Clause，在复合句中作主句的宾语，它属于名词性从句。它可以作主句谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。宾语从句以从句的句式来决定连接词。

　　宾语从句有四步曲

　　连接词： (也叫引导词)

　　语序： 从句的词序用陈述语序(主+ 谓)

　　时态： 主句的时态如果是过去时，从句的时态应以过去时为基础作相应的变化。

　　人称： 要根据句中的意义作相应的变化

　　连接词(引导词)

　　从属连词 that ，if ，whether

　　连接代词 who， whom， whose， which， what

　　连接副词 when ，where ，how ，why

　　1.如果陈述句作从句，连接词用that,在口语和非正式语体中常可省略that 。We know (that) there are two kinds of sports.

　　Mother thought (that) they should have a talk with Patrick.

　　He decided23 (that) he was not going to say anything about it.

　　She knew (that) the teacher would change the score.

　　2.特殊疑问句作从句，就用原来的特殊疑问词

　　Which class are you in?

　　The headmaster asked me which class I was in ?

　　Can you tell me which class you are in ?

　　He told us how he had got the information .

　　They wanted to know who would be their English teacher next term.

　　3.一般疑问句作从句，连词用if或whether 在选择疑问句只用whether，记住这一结构：whether … or not 。

　　I don't know whether / if they have decided on the date of the meeting.

　　I wonder whether / if he can come on time.

　　No one knows whether the stories about UFOs are true or not.

　　John asked me whether I would accept the job or not.

　　时态的变化

　　1.如果从句动作与主句动作同时发生，从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。

　　The Professor said (that) the students were having an exam.

　　Tom told me (that) he was watching the foot-ball match

　　2.当从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句要用过去完成时。

　　We found (that)the train had left.

　　When I got the shop, the shop owner said (that) they had sold all their bread.

　　He told me ( that ) he had got three film tickets.

　　3.当从句动作发生在主句动作之后，从句要用过去将来时。

　　He said (that) the APEC meeting would take place next week.

　　I have not decided (that) what events I would enter for.

　　We all agreed (that) he would win the prize in the contest.

　　4.当从句表示客观事实或真理时，其时态不受主句谓语的影响,而用一般现在时。

　　The teacher said (that) the sun rises in the east.

　　Now we all know( that) the earth turns around the sun. But in the past ,people didn' t know(that) the earth turns around the sun.

　　时态的变动

　　1. 从现在时间推移到过去时间：

　　一般现在时 —— 一般过去时

　　现在进行时 —— 过去进行时

　　现在完成时 —— 过去完成时

　　现在完成进行时 —— 过去完成进行时

　　2. 从过去时间推移到过去的过去时间

　　一般过去时 —— 过去完成时

　　过去完成时 —— 过去完成时

　　3. 从将来时间推移到过去将来时间

　　一般将来时 —— 一般过去将来时

　　宾语从句及直接引语变为间接引语的用法

　　注意宾语从句中的各种引导词的用法以及时态的变化;注意用间接引语结构来引用某人的话，这时宾语从句中语序、人称代词要作相应的变化。

　　1.时态的变动：He said，"I'm going home."

　　He said (that) he was going home.

　　Jack24 said ,"Peter,I came to return you the dictionary."

　　Jack told Peter (that) he had come to return him the dictionary.

　　2.代词的变动:

　　"I have lost my bike,"he said.

　　He said (that) he had lost his bike.

　　He said to me,"I don’t like you."

　　He told me (that) he didn't like me.

　　The boy said,"I'll call again in the afternoon."

　　The boy said (that) he would call again in the afternoon.

　　3.时间状语的变化

　　now——then

　　today——that day

　　this week——that week

　　yesterday——the day before

　　last week——the week before

　　tomorrow——the next day

　　next week——the next week

　　ago ——before

　　4.指示代词和地点状语作相应的变化

this——that

　　these——those

　　here——there

　　come——go

　　使用宾语从句要注意的问题在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词移到主句谓语上，而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。

　　I don't think he has time to play football with you. 我想他没有时间和你踢足球。

　　I don't suppose it is the rush hour yet. 我估计现在未到(交通)高峰时间。

　　在 hope ,believe ,suppose ,guess, think 等动词以及“ I'm afraid ” 等表达法的后面，可用 so 代替一个宾语从句，该宾语从句通常是上文提到的一件事。“Do you think we will have good weather?” “I hope so.” “你认为我们会有好天气吗?” “我希望如此。”

　　其否定形式可用上述动词的否定式，或用“not”代替“so”。

　　I don't believe so. ( 或：I believe not.)

　　I'm afraid not. (hope 常用I hope not.)