2018年6月英语四级美文：How to Avoid Foolish Opinions

　　2018年6月英语四级美文100篇汇总

　　英语四级美文：How to Avoid Foolish Opinions

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　　How to Avoid Foolish Opinions

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　　To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone,

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　　no superhuman genius is required.

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　　A few simple rules will keep you,

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　　not from all error,

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　　but from silly error.

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　　If the matter is one that can be settled by observation,

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　　make the observation yourself.

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　　Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking

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　　that women have fewer teeth than men,

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　　by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle

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　　to keep her mouth open while he counted.

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　　He did not do so because he thought he knew.

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　　Thinking that you know

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　　when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake,

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　　to which we are all prone.

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　　Many matters, however,

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　　are less easily brought to the test of experience.

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　　If, like most of mankind,

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　　you have convictions on many such matters,

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　　there are ways in which

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　　you can make yourself aware of your own bias.

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　　If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry,

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　　that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware

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　　of having no good reason for thinking as you do.

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　　If someone maintains that two and two are five,

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　　you feel pity rather than anger.

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　　The most savage controversies are those about matters

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　　as to which there is no good evidence either way.

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　　Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic,

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　　because in arithmetic there is knowledge,

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　　but in theology there is only opinion.

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　　So whenever you find yourself getting angry

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　　about a difference of opinion,

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　　be on your guard; you will probably find,

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　　on examination,

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　　that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants.

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　　A good way of riding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism

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　　is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own.

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　　Seek out people with whom you disagree,

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　　and read a newspaper belonging to a party that is not yours.

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　　If the people and the newspaper seem mad and wicked,

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　　remind yourself that you seem so to them.

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　　In this opinion both parties may be right,

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　　but they cannot both be wrong.

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　　This reflection should generate caution.

　　2018年6月英语四级美文100篇汇总

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