2019年6月大学英语四级重点语法知识：独立主格结构

2019-05-14 14:14:01来源：网络

　　距离英语四级考试越来越近了，新东方在线英语四级频道为备考四级的同学们整理了英语四级重点语法知识，希望可以为大家带来帮助，一起来学习一下吧。

　　英语四级重点语法知识：独立主格结构

　　一、独立结构的构成：

　　只有当分词短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，我们才能用独立结构。独立结构只用做状语，多用于书面语言。常见的独立结构有以下几种：

　　(一) 名词/代词+分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)：

　　1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴随情况)

　　2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴随情况)

　　(二)名词/代词+形容词：

　　1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴随情况)

　　2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴随情况)

　　(三)名词/代词+副词：

　　1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示补充说明)

　　2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示补充说明)

　　(四)名词/代词+介词(短语)

　　1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴随情况)

　　2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴随情况)

　　二、独立结构在句子中的作用：

　　独立结构在句子中只能做状语，这种结构可以用来：

　　(一)表示时间：

　　His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.

　　(=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)

　　(二)表示原因：

　　The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.

　　(=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )

　　(三)表示条件：

　　Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.

　　(=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)

　　(四)表示伴随情况或伴随状况：

　　They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.

　　(五)表示补充说明：

　　He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.

　　(=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)

　　三、独立变格的变化

　　在带有逻辑主语的分词及其短语前加”with”

　　1、——Why are they taking all the equipment away?

　　——The job_____, they are packing up to leave.

　　A. it to done B. did C. was did D. done

　　2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.

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