2015年6月大学英语四级考试阅读理解复习3

　　快速阅读中的填空题更也几乎全部依靠跳读来定位。比如2010年6月第十题：

　　10. Now that she's got a boyfriend, Toebe is no longer crazy about __________.

　　题目的关键词当然是Toebe，再加上这又是最后一题，所以很快判断出应该到最后一段答案。

　　Since then, Toebe said, she has kept her promise to herself to cut back on her Internet use. "I have a boyfriend now, and I'm not interested in online dating," she said by phone last week. "It's a lot better now."

　　题目横线之前最后几个词是crazy about(痴迷于)。这个词组没有在原文出现，不过却出现了近义词组interested in，所以在其后的短语online dating就成为了本题的答案。

　　结合刚才两道题大家应该看到，跳读的基础是要找准关键词。一般说来，专有名词、时间数字、特殊名词短语这三类词汇是最容易被选中作为关键词的，因为它们标记明显，非常易于辨认。

　　不过近几年也出现了不少有一定挑战性的题目。例如2008年6月第二题：

　　2. With the increase in the number of TV channels_________.

　　A) the cost of TV advertising has decreased

　　B) the nuiflber of TV viewers has increased

　　C) advertisers' interest in other media has decreased

　　D) the number of TV ads people can see has increased

　　Television's influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous(具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.

　　在本段中TV channels或者channel这个词多次出现给考生带来了不小的挑战。显然通读全段是不现实的。在这里也再次提醒读者注意，在应试过程中通读原文是万万不可采用的方法，很明显这样做也是违背了命题的初衷。比较现实的方法是找到该段中所有出现channel的句子，逐个与题目要求做比较，从而快速判断。一个个比较下来之后发现，在second这个词后面的句子是最符合题意的。“there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers”——电视频道的增加意味着观众能看到的广告数量增加了。这样不难看出D为正确答案。

　　细心的读者可能已经发现了，无论是skimming还是scanning，都有可能牵涉到一个结合题干事先判断有效句的问题。而且一旦题目深入到这个层次也就无一例外的成为了该年度考试中的难题。不过这种判断过程实际也是有规律可循的——重点考察句子的前半部分，特别是状语部分。下面以2010年6月份第5题为例加以说明。