2016年12月英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(九)

　　The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player: the designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the staggering number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory,chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the lens designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be mass produced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past.Moreover, their price may lower, in spite of the fact that 19thcentury craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.

　　31.Lens design and chess playing are similar in that ____.

　　A) the final goal and the means by which it can be reached are known

　　B) perfect solutions to a problem can be found

　　C) any one decision at any point along the way to the goal can bring numerous possible results

　　D) both A and C

　　32.The final goal of designing a lens is ____.

　　A) to trap the opponent's lenses

　　B) to focus light with lenses

　　C) to hand make lenses at low cost

　　D) to reflect light by means of curved surfaces

　　33.After the passage the author will talk about ____.

　　A) the principles of designing lenses

　　B) techniques of making contact lenses

　　C) the design of photographic lenses

　　D) styles of lenses

　　34.Which of the following words cannot be used to describe today's lenses?

　　A) More delicate. C) Numerous.

　　B) Cheaper. D) Unpopular.

　　35.Lens designers today ____.

　　A) have a large source of help to fall back on

　　B) receive a low salary

　　C) are less respectable than those of the past

　　D) are not decisive in the lens design

　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

　　Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.

　　The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a dual function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing of reports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.