2022年6月英语四级语法用法之过去时态知识

　　2022年6月英语四级语法用法之过去时态知识

　　一般过去时习题

　　1. Excuse me. I ______ I was blocking your way.

　　A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing

　　解析：答案选 A。该句的谈话背景是：一个人挡住了另一个人的路，于是他说“对不起，我没有意识到我挡了你的路”。显然，当这个人说“对不起，我没有意识到……”的时候，显然他说话的时候是“意识到了”，也就是说“没有意识到”在他道歉的时候已属过去了，故要用一般过去时。

　　2. In 1492, Columbus ______ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.

　　A. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed

　　解析：答案选 B。根据句中的过去时间状语in 1947可知，句应用一般过去时。句意为：1492年，哥伦布登上了巴哈马群岛，但他误以为那是印度的岛屿。

　　3. — Bob has gone to California.

　　—Oh, can you tell me when he ______?

　　A. had left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave

　　解析：答案选 B。根据上文中的has gone to(已经到……去了)可知，鲍勃的离开发生在过去(因为他已经离开了)，故用一般过去时。又如：

　　It happened in the first century AD. 这事发生在公元一世纪。

　　She had an accident on her way home. 她在回家的途中发生事故。

　　过去完成时习题：

　　1. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ______ it. Was it you?

　　A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do

　　分析：B。根据句意可知，“有人给玫瑰剪枝”发生在“我去给玫瑰剪枝”之前，而“我去给玫瑰剪枝”用的是I was just going to cut my rose…这样的过去时态，故“有人给玫瑰剪枝”发生在这一过去时间之前，也就是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。

　　2. —Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?

　　—We ______ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.

　　A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be

　　分析：C。根据句意可知，“很忙”在“去海边放松”之前，而“去海边放松”用的是一般过去时went，所以“很忙”应用过去完成时had been。

　　3. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they ______ from China.

　　A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received

　　分析：D。本句意为：上个月，日本政府表达了他们从中国得到的援助。从时间上看，应该是先得到援助，然后才表示感谢，由于“表达”用的是一般过去时(expressed)，所以“得到援助”就应用过去完成时(had received)。又如：

　　He was conscious that he had annoyed his boss. 他意识到他惹烦了上司。

　　Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize. 尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩儿而已，却赢得了头奖。

　　过去完成时的用法：

　　1. 构成

　　助动词had+动词的过去分词。

　　2. 基本用法

　　过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已发生或完成的动作、状态(“已完成”)。句中常用by , before , until , when 等引导的时间状语。如：

　　Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。(指从星期二至昨天未吃东西)

　　I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We hadn’t seen each other since we left Paris. 上周星期天我见到史密斯先生了，自从离开巴黎后我们还一直没见过面。

　　By the end of the year no decision had been made. 到年底也没有做出任何决定。

　　He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。

　　英语过去将来时的用法：

　　1. was / were going to + 动词原形：该结构有两个主要用法，一是表示过去的打算，二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。如：

　　I thought it was going to rain. 我想要下雨了。

　　I was going to leave when he came in. 他进来时我正要离开。

　　2. was / were to + 动词原形：主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。如：

　　He asked where he was to put it. 他问他该把它放在哪里。

　　She said she was to get married next month. 她说她计划在下个月结婚。

　　3. was / were about to + 动词原形：表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有“即将”的意味，所以不再表示具体的过去时间状语连用。如：

　　I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. 电话铃响时我正好要上床睡。

　　I couldn’t go to Tom’s party as I was about to go into hospital. 我就要住院，所以不能参加汤姆办的晚会了。