2022年12月英语四级阅读理解练习材料（5）

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　　2022年12月英语四级阅读理解练习材料（5）

　　Passage 5

　　Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.

　　At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.

　　The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.

　　Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized(分散的)nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit’s nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.

　　Beth Israel’s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.

　　21. Which of the following best characterized the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?

　　A)The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse

　　B)Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night

　　C)The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient

　　D)The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.

　　22. It can inferred from the passage that________

　　A)compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient

　　B)in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view

　　C)in most hospitals nurses get low salaries.

　　D)compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital

　　23. A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when_______

　　A)the present one is refused by the patient

　　B)the patient complains about the present one

　　C)the present one proves to be ineffective

　　D)the patient is found unwilling to cooperate

　　24. The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former_______

　　A)is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital

　　B)has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nurses

　　C)can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient

　　D)hasfull responsibility in the administration of the unit’s nurses.

　　25. The author’s attitude towards the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital is __________

　　A) negative B)neutral C)critical D)positive

　　Passage 5

　　Beth Israel　医院为患者提供有可能得到的最好的护理。如果我们打算改善护理中的不足，(25)各地医院的行政管理与医生只要努力以Beth Israel　医院为楷模就可以了。

　　在Beth Israel　医院，每个病人都会被分配一名主要护士，她与病人进行详尽的交谈，并会拟出一份全面的健康报告，涵盖所有病人的病史到其精神状况。然后她会写出一份护理计划，以患者的病症为中心，并包括所有必需的内容。

　　(21)(22)病人的主要护士在其住院期间会与他在一起，对他的进展进行记录，并从医生那里得到进一步的建议。(23)如果一位在Beth Israel　医院的病人对其治疗手段没有回应的话，他的护士通常会写出另一份提案交给医生。在Beth Israel　医院的主要护士是医生真正意义上的同事。

　　在Beth Israel　医院的护理工作还有一个分散的行政管理;每一层楼、每一个单元都是独立的机构。(24)有护士经理而没有护士长;他们除了有医务工作之外还负责自己单元的雇用与开除，处理雇员建议，并提出建议薪水。每个单元的护士一起决定其中谁在何时轮哪一班。

　　Beth Israel　医院的首席护士与医院副院长职位相当。她还是执行医疗委员会的成员之一，而在大多数医院只有医生才能加入这一委员会。

　　21、下面哪个选项最好地描述了Beth Israel　医院护理体制的主要特点?

　　A)医生从主要护士那里得到更加积极的专业支持

　　B)每个病人都由一名主要护士日夜照顾

　　C)主要护士为每一名病人写护理计划

　　D)主要护士每天都记录病人的健康状况

　　22、由本文可以推出___________

　　A)与其它医院相比，Beth Israel　医院的护士更有耐心

　　B)在大多数医院里，对患者的护理从专业角度来看还不够

　　C)在大多数医院里，护士的薪水很低

　　D)与其它医院的护士相比，Beth Israel　医院的护士工作时间更长。

　　23、在_______时候，主要护士可以提出一份不同的治疗方案。

　　A)患者拒绝采用目前疗法　　　　　　B)患者对目前疗法有怨言

　　C)目前的治疗无效　　　　　　　　　D)在发现患者不愿进行合作

　　24、在护士经理与护士长之间的主要的区别是前者________

　　A)是医院执行医疗委员会的成员　　　B)必须安排该单元护士的轮班

　　C)可以就对病人的冶疗做出决定　　　D)全权负责对该单元护士的行政管理工作

　　25、作者对Beth Israel　医院护理体制的态度是______

　　A)否定的　　　　　B)批判的　　　C)中立的　　　　D)积极的

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