2018年12月四级阅读信息匹配题答案及解析

　　[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”

　　[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.

　　[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”

　　[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.

　　[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.

　　[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”

　　[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

　　[H] “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.

　　[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”

　　[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.

　　[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”

　　36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.

　　37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.

　　38.There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.

　　39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

　　40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

　　41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.

　　42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

　　43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.

　　44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.

　　45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.

　　题目分析：

　　本次信息匹配题难度与往年相比略有提升，做此类题目的时候同学们需要注意的是题干关键词在原文中的定位，包括专有名词、时间、数字、特殊符号及出现次数较少的特殊信息，同时也应注意题干与原文中的同义替换现象。

　　答案及解析：

　　36. D

　　More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.

　　根据题干中表示数字的关键词More than half of the food(超过半数的食物)可迅速定位至D段over 50 percent of our food(超过50%的食物)一句，其中More than half和over 50 percent是同义替换。

　　37.B

　　There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.

　　本题较为有难度，题干中的关键信息program一词，在数个段落中均有出现，此时需要留心题干中对于program一词的修饰，分别为形容词special(特殊的)以及定语从that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores(指定医生为食品店的顾客提供建议)。special一词出现在G段和H段，与其搭配的名词并非program，而doctors to give advice to shoppers这一概念仅出现在B段，因此正确答案锁定为B段。通读B段可得知‘Shop with Your Doc’ program即为题干中的a special program，因此验证了B段的正确性。

　　38.G

　　There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.

　　题干中research(研究)这一关键信息仅存在于文章的G段，因此本题正确答案应锁定为G段。

　　39. A

　　A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

　　根据题干中的特殊信息breakfast(早餐)一词，可迅速锁定文章A段，其中trying fresh juices in the morning(早上尝试鲜榨果汁)与题干相对应，且后文Juices are quick and easy to prepare(果汁准备起来既快捷又方便)与题干can be prepared quickly and easily(可以迅速便捷地准备)相对应。

　　40. I

　　Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

　　题干中关键信息change their life(改变他们的生活)和I段can actually transform a patient’s life(实际上可以转变病人的生活)为同义替换，因此I段为本题正确选项。

　　41.F

　　One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.

　　题干中的关键信息出现在转折词But后，其中teaches patients how to cook it(教患者如何去烹饪)与F段内容training in how to cook it(烹饪方法的训练)对应。

　　42.C

　　Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

　　题干中带有否定信息not keen on cooking food herself(不热衷于自己烹饪)和a waste of time(浪费时间)，该信息与C段中her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take(一想到这要花多长时间，她的热情就减退了)为同义替换。

　　43. J

　　Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.

　　题干中plant-based food为原文D段和J段中仅出现2次的特殊内容，而只有J段中包含有题干信息Diabetes patients(糖尿病患者)的同义替换people with diabetes(患有糖尿病的人)

　　44. E

　　Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.

　　题干中movement一词仅在文章E段出现，且该句中been around for decades(已存在数十年)和no novel idea(并非新颖的观点)相对应，making progress和making headway均表示取得进展，因此正确答案应锁定E段。

　　45. G

　　Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.

　　题干中high rates of various illnesses与G段内容high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease相对应都表示高患病率，且题干中result from(源自于)与原文中contribute to(导致)表示因果关系，题干中表原因的部分way they eat(饮食方式)与原文中diet(食谱)为同义替换。

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