2014年12月英语四级冲刺全真模拟试题三

　　Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)

　　Part A

　　根据以下资料，回答41-60题：

　　The core of Greece's troubles is too much spending.too little tax-collecting and book-cooking.Spain and Ireland are in trouble even if the percentage of their public debt in gross domestic product is much smaller than that of Germany.Italy，also in the financial markets'crosshairs，has high public debt but a lower deficit than the euro zone's average.

　　The root of these countries'problems is that their prices and wages have risen much faster than those of other euro zone members.

　　There are two ways to mitigate the pain.First，to adopt temporarily more expansionary fiscal policies for a while.Or，more powerfully，the wider euro area could adopt more expansionary monetary policies for several years.As to the second option，the"inflation fundamentalists"will have none of it.This elite consisting of central bankers，top economic officials，politicians，academics and journalists insists that it is unacceptable to allow inflation to climb above two percent.

　　Hyper-inflation in Germany in the l930s and stagflation in industrial countries in the l970s and 1980s support their view.It's true that moderate inflation can creep up to become high inflation.But inflation fundamentalism can also hurt.There is little if any empirical evidence that moderate　inflation hurts growth.In most countries.cutting actual wages is politically difficult if not impossible.But，to regain competitiveness and balance the books，real wage adjustments are sometimes inevitable.A slightly higher level of inflation allows for this painful adjustment with a lower level of political conflict.

　　On the other hand，ultra-low inflation，in a recession，can easily become deflation.Falling prices encourage people to defer spending，which makes things worse and erodes tax payments，impairing a government's ability to pay debt.That in turn increases the debt's size and costs.

　　In addition，a single-minded focus on inflation makes it easy for policymakers to lose sight of the broader picture asset prices，growth and employment.Policy can become too tight or too loose-as in the run-up to the crisis in the U.S.when low inflation was seen as a comforting sign that things were in order.

　　In a recession，ultra-low inflation also reduces the effectiveness of monetary policy since interest rates cannot go below zero.The crisis in the euro area highlights the need for a more open-minded discussion of the merits and costs of ultra　 low inflation.

　　41、In the author's opinion，the second way to mitigate the pain is_________.

　　A.cutting the spending

　　B.controlling inflation within two percent

　　C.ultra-low inflation

　　D.moderate inflation

　　42、 Which of the following inflation might be accepted by the author?

　　A.2%.

　　B.1%.

　　C.4%.

　　D.8%.

　　43、 We can learn from the fourth paragraph that_________.

　　A.moderate inflation hurts growth

　　B.it is unnecessary to cut actual wages

　　C.the author opposes moderate inflation

　　D.the author opposes inflation fundamentalism

　　44、 The word"books"(1ine 5，paragraph 4)means_________.

　　A.tickets

　　B.accounts

　　C.works

　　D.stamps

　　45、 What is the text mainly about?

　　A.The core of Greece's trouble.

　　B.Two ways to solve the problems of Greece，Spain，Ireland and Italy.

　　C.The merits of inflation fundamentalism.

　　D.The shortcomings of inflation fundamentalism.

　　根据以下资料，回答46-65题：

　　Slavery has played a significant role in the history of the U.S.It existed in all the English mainland colonies and most of the Founding Fathers also had slaves，as did eight of the first l2 presidents.

　　Dutch traders brought，20 Africans to Jamestown，Virginia，as early as l619，however，throughout the l7th century the number of Africans in the English mainland colonies grew very slowly.At that time，colonists used two other sources of unfree labor：Native American slaves and European indentured servants.

　　During those years，every colony had some Native American slaves，but their number was limited.Indian men avoided performing agricultural labor，because they viewed it as women's work，and colonists complained that they were t00"haughty".The more important was that the settlers found it more convenient，to sell Native Americans captured in war to planters in the Carib-bean than to turn them into slaves，because they often resisted and it was not hard for the slaves to escape.Later，the policy of killing Indians or driving them away from white settlements was pro-posed and it contradicted with their widespread employment as slaves.

　　The other form of labor was the white indentured servitude.Most indentured servants consisted of poor Europeans.Desiring to escape tough conditions in Europe and take advantage of fabled opportunities in America，they traded three to seven years of their labor in exchange for the transatlantic passage.At first，it was mainly English who were the white indentured servitude but later increasingly Irish，Welsh，and German joined.They were essentially temporary slaves and most of them served as agricultural workers although some，especially in the North，were taught skilled trades.During the l 7th century，they performed most of heavy labor in the Southern colonies and also consisted of the bulk of immigrants to those colonies.

　　At the end of the l7th century.in order to meet the labor need，landowners in America turned to African slaves.During the late l7th and l8th centuries，thanks to the dominant position of Eng-land in terms of naval superiority，English traders(some of whom lived in English America)，trans-ported millions of Africans across the Atlantic.And the transatlantic slave trade produced one of the largest forced migrations in history, blacks(the great majority of whom were slaves)。increasing from about 7 percent of the American population in l680 to more than 40 percent by the middle of the l8th century.

　　46、Which of the following was true of the slavery in America?

　　A.The colonists sold African Americans to planters in the Caribbean.

　　B.Native American slaves performed agricultural labor.

　　C.During the l7th century，the white indentured servitude was the main labor in the Southern colonies.

　　D.It was at the end of the l7th century that African people began to be brought to America.

　　47、 We can infer from the sentence "Later，the policy of killing Indians or...Contradicted with their widespread employment as slaves "that_________ .

　　A.many Indians were killed by White settlers

　　B.many Indians were drove away from white settlements

　　C.the Indians were slaves in a wide-spread way

　　D.white settlers must have to find other source of labor

　　48、 In the third paragraph.the author mainly argues that_________ .

　　A.the number of Native American slaves was very small

　　B.the colonists thought that the Native American slaves were very haughty

　　C.the Native American slaves had been treated cruelly

　　D.the Native American slaves always resisted

　　49、 Which of the following wasn't the opinion of the colonists towards the Native American slaves?

　　A.The Native American slaves were very haughty.

　　B.The Native American slaves were very lazy.

　　C.The Native American slaves were hard to control.

　　D.The Native American slaves always found ways to escape.

　　50、 The relation between the second paragraph and the next following two paragraphs is that in the next following two paragraphs the author_________ .

　　A.further elaborates the issue discussed in the second paragraph

　　B.modifies the point of view in the second paragraph

　　C.changes the view expressed in the second paragraph

　　D.offers the reason to support the viewpoint in the second paragraph