2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案

Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in thissection. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.

　　Section C Passage One

　　Questions56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　In recent years, a growing body of researchhas shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number offactors besides our biological need for energy, including our eatingenvironment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown,for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) canincrease both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues,like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size andconsumption.A new study suggested that our short-termmemory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seenin front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (差异) suggeststhe memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetitethan the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor ofexperimental psychology at the University of Bristol.“Hunger isn’t controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recentmeal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal,” Brunstromsays. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake ismore complex than we thought.”These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception offood can sometimes trick our body’s response to the fooditself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie (卡路里) milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels ofhunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake’s labelsaid it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reportedfeeling more full when they thought they’dconsumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eatinghabits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less,the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoidingTV and multitasking while eating.The so-calledmindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control ourappetite, Brunstrom says.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　56. What is said to be a factor affectingour appetite and food intake?

　　A) How we perceive the food we eat.C) Whenwe eat our meals.

　　B) What ingredients the food contains.D)How fast we eat our meals.

　　57. What would happen at meal time if youremembered eating a lot in the previous meal?

　　A) You would probably be more picky aboutfood.

　　B) You would not feel like eating the samefood.

　　C) You would have a good appetite.

　　D) You would not feel so hungry.

　　58. What do we learn from the 2011 study?

　　A) Food labels may mislead consumers intheir purchases.

　　B) Food labels may influence our body’s response to food.

　　C) Hunger levels depend on one’s consumption of calories.

　　D) People tend to take in a lot morecalories than necessary.

　　59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do tocontrol our appetite?

　　A) Trick ourselves into eating less.C)Concentrate on food while eating.

　　B) Choose food with fewer calories.D) Pickdishes of the right size.

　　60. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A) Eating distractions often affect ourfood digestion.

　　B) Psychological factors influence ourhunger levels.

　　C) Our food intake is determined by ourbiological needs.

　　D) Good eating habits will contribute toour health.

　　参考答案

　　56~60 ADBCB