2019年6月英语四级选词填空答案及源文

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　　2019年6月英语四级选词填空答案及源文

　　Section A

　　Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choice. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use of the words in the bank more than once.

　　The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 milesaway. It has26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.

　　In a27to take production back to Detroit，Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country ,if not the world ,to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.

　　“Michigan’s 29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30our leadership in transportation . We can’t let that happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.

　　If all four bills pass as written , they would 32 a substantial update of Michigan’s 2013law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufactures wouldhave nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would beallowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand33of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.

　　Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial applicationof self-driving technology. In 34 , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently propose far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial ues of self-driving technology.

　　A) bid I) replace

　　B) contrast J) represent

　　C) deputy K)restrictive

　　D) dominance L)reward

　　E) fleets M)significant

　　F) knots N)sponsor

　　G) legislation O)transmitted

　　H) migrated

　　参考答案 HAGDI NJEBK

　　源文：

　　https://www.wired.com/2016/05/detroit-wants-go-spot-self-driving-tech-big-automakers/

　　Detroit's Grand Plan to Lead the Self-Driving Revolution

　　Author: Alex Davies

　　05.27.16

　　The cradle of American automotive innovation has in the past decade migrated 2,000 miles from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where autonomous vehicles and other advanced technology is coming to life.

　　In a bid to reclaim the mantle for Motown, Michigan lawmakers have introduced legislation that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road. But this being Michigan, it's no surprise the proposals favor industry players and could inadvertently (or intentionally) criminalize some research.

　　“Michigan’s dominance in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries who desire to supplant our leadership in transportation. We can’t let that happen," says senator Mike Kowall, the lead sponsor of four bills introduced Wednesday.

　　If Senate Bills 995, 996, 997, and 998 all pass as written, they'd represent a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of autonomous vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly free rein to test their autonomous technology on public roads. They'd be allowed to send platoons of autonomous cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand fleets of self-driving cars—like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.

　　Ann Arbor's "Mcity," where developers test autonomous tech, would get a big brother testing center on the site of the Willow Run bomber plant, built by Ford during World War II. Manufacturers and licensed mechanics wouldn't be responsible if "an unauthorized person" modified their autonomous technology. That last change is related to two bills Kowall introduced in late April, which would make it a felony for anyone to gain access to a car's electronic system to damage, alter, or take control of the car. Punishment for that sort of hacking could include life in prison.

　　"These bills are a mixed bag," says Bryant Walker Smith, an expert in autonomous vehicles at the University of South Carolina School of Law and the Center for Internet and Society. He says lawmakers clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of autonomous tech.In contrast, California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more restrictive rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of autonomous tech.

　　But Smith worries some aspects of these bills "could criminalize many kinds of vehicle research." That's because any modification of self-driving systems, even for research purposes, would be made illegal. Moreover, it's unclear who exactly would be the responsible party. The legislation says the automated driving system is the legal operator, but, Smith says, "It's not clear what this means or to what it extends, and it will require substantial clarification." Obviously a computer is not a person, "so it's unclear how motor vehicle laws related to insurance or liability would apply." In contrast, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's announcement in February that it would count computers as human drivers is a "less dramatic legal move" that allows Google to move ahead with its plan to get rid of the steering wheel and pedals, without thinking about liability concerns just yet.

　　The big three automakers—General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler—support the legislation, according to The Detroit News. That's no surprise, since the bills reserve the right to operate on-demand robo-fleets for "motor vehicle manufacturers." That would seem to disqualify folks like Google, Lyft, and Uber, but those since each of those three has recently teamed up with a big automaker (with Chrysler, GM, and Toyota, respectively) they might be okay.

　　Even if Michigan's legislators figure all this out, and the governor (who's bullish on automation) signs these bills into law, it's not necessarily an advance for the technology. Nationwide, a patchwork of laws governs the technology in Nevada, California, Michigan, Florida, and Washington, D.C. That's not much of a problem now, but it will be by the time the technology is ready for the masses. Automakers are going to want one cohesive set of rules.

　　They're coming. In January, transportation secretary Anthony Foxx ordered the Department of Transportation to draft comprehensive model legislation governing autonomous driving testing and regulation. The DOT declined to comment on Michigan's proposal, but says it will issue "model state policy that will encourage innovation by building a unified national framework for autonomous vehicles" this summer. But if Michigan's bent on rebuilding Detroit, it could go its own way.

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