2016年6月英语四级真题及答案卷三

　　40N

　　The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.

　　41J

　　The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.

　　42F

　　At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.

　　43C

　　What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.

　　44I

　　The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.

　　45G

　　A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.

　　Russell argues, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children, “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.

　　Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.

　　It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.

　　Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.

　　One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.

　　If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps (嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.

　　The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe is moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.

　　46. What does the author say about the threat of robots?

　　A) It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.

　　B) It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.

　　C) It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.

　　D) It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.