2018年12月英语四级阅读详解及答案

　　匹配-第一套：

　　Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress

　　[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”

　　[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.

　　[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”

　　[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.

　　[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.

　　[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”

　　[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

　　[H] “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.

　　[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”

　　[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.

　　[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”

　　36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.

　　37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.

　　38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.

　　39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

　　40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

　　41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.

　　42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

　　43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.

　　44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.

　　45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.

　　答案：36-40 DBGAI 41-45 FCJEG

　　解析：

　　36. D More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced对应D段落中的In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food。其中factory-produced是processed food的同义替换。

　　37. B There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores. 对应[B]段落中的Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance，其中doctors是physician的同义替换。

　　38. G There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.对应[G]段落中的 Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases,其中recover是reverse的同义替换。

　　39. A. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily对应[A]段的Juices are quick and easy to prepare。

　　40. I Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.对应[I]段中的 So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. 其中training是teaching的同义替换，change是transform的同义替换。

　　41. F One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.根据关键词program和prescribe可定位到[F]段的 The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it。

　　42. C Scott is not keen on cooking food herself thinking it would simply be a waste of time，对应[C]段的 Scott’s 和her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take。

　　43.J Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food，可定位到[J]段的many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes。

　　44. E. Using food as medicine is no novel idea but the movement is making headway these days. 可定位到[E]段的 The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress。

　　45. G. Americans high rates of various illesses result from the way they eat.可定位到[G] 段的 the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease。

　　匹配-第二套

　　36-40 FCLEA 41-45 NMDKH

　　36. A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.

　　37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.

　　38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor

　　39. Males are less likely than females to eat focd that may have been contaminated.

　　40. The author's research centers around how faod gets contaminated.

　　41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.

　　42. Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.

　　43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food pickedup from the floor.

　　44. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.

　　45. Researchers found how manv bacteria got into the food did not have much to do with howlong the food stayed on a contaminated floor.

　　匹配-第三套

　　36-40 GMFCE DAHKB

　　36. Careme was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.

　　37. Careme wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most world.

　　38. Careme benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections.

　　39. Careme learned his trade frorm a farmous dessert chef in Paris.

　　40. Careme's creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.

　　41. Careme's knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts outofordinary ingredient.

　　42. Many people in Paris were eager ta have a look at the latest sweet food made by Care.

　　43. Careme became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.

　　44. Careme's writing dealt with fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.

　　45. Careme's contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.

　　仔细阅读-第一套

　　46. How could california's drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?

　　B - By drawing water from the depths of the earth

　　47. What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?

　　B - It was not considered worth the expense

　　48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?

　　A - The sinking of land surface

　　49. What does the author say about deep wells?

　　D - They provide a steady supply of freshwater

　　50. What may happen when deep aquiters are used as water sources?

　　C - The cost may go up due to desalination.

　　51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory?

　　D - Computers can become highly inelilence

　　52. What does the author 'mean by Al machines acting ethically?

　　C - They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.

　　53. What is said to be the bigger challenges facing humans in the AI age?

　　B - How to ensure that super- intllient AI machines act ethically.

　　54. What do we learn about Microsoft's 'chatbot' Taylor?

　　A - She could not distinguish good from bad.

　　55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intlligence?

　　D - It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.

　　仔细阅读-第二套

　　46. What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?

　　C - They have a natural ability to locate animais they hunt.

　　47. What may account for the cats' response to the noise from the containers?

　　D - Their mastery of cause and effect

　　48. What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?

　　B - They rely mainly on their hearing.

　　49. In what way do babies behave like cats?

　　A - They focus on what appears odd.

　　50. What can we conclude about cats from the passage?

　　B - They interact with the physical world much like humans.

　　51. What would be the impact of the extensive use of driveress cars?

　　A - People would be driving in a more civilized way.

　　52. How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?

　　A - They could enjoy greater mobility

　　53. What would be the negative impact of driveress cars?

　　D - Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.

　　54. What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?

　　B - Retaining of employees.

　　55. What does the author suggest businesses and the govemment do?

　　C - Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.

　　仔细阅读-第三套

　　46. For what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?

　　A - The security camera installde may intrude into their privacy

　　47. What does Lizzie Post say is new teritory?

　　D - Etiquette around home security cameras.

　　48. What is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?

　　C - Likes and dislikes of individuals.

　　49. What is a host's responsibility regarding security cameras, according to Lizzie Post?

　　A - Making their guests feel at ease.

　　50. In what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?

　　B - It can prove their innocence.

　　51. Why is PepsiCo making a policy change?

　　C - to satisfy the growing needs for healthy foods.

　　52. What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?

　　D - Keep on improving its products.

　　53. Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products. according to Indra Nooyi?

　　A - To ensure the company's future development

　　54. What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?

　　C - it is atributable to people's changed lifestyles.

　　55. What has PepsiCo been doing to achieve its objective?

　　B - Increasing its research funding.

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