2019年6月英语四级长篇阅读真题答案及解析

　　新东方在线英语四级频道考后发布2019年6月英语四级长篇阅读真题答案及解析，同时新东方实力师资团队将对英语四级真题答案做权威解析，免费领取【大学英语四级真题解析】课程。更多2019年6月英语四级听力真题答案、英语四级作文真题范文、英语四级阅读真题答案、英语四级翻译真题答案，请查看【2019年6月英语四级真题答案解析】专题。预祝大家高分通过大学英语四级考试!



　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure

　　[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (继续处理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.

　　[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有复原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.

　　[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

　　[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.

　　[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”

　　[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.

　　[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

　　[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.

　　[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

　　[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

　　[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.

　　[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.

　　[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.

　　36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.

　　37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.

　　38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.

　　39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.

　　40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

　　41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.

　　42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.

　　43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.

　　44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.

　　45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

　　答案：

　　36-40：DJLAE 41-45: KI BGC

　　【解析】

　　【36】题干指出恢复不足通常会导致健康状况不佳和事故，根据inadequate recovery和poor health and accidents定位到D段第二句，Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems，缺乏恢复期与增加的健康和安全问题直接相关。

　　【37】题干指出脑部放松是非常需要的，就像身体放松一样，根据Mental relaxation和physical relaxation定位到J段最后一句，我们的大脑和身体一样需要放松。

　　【38】题干指出充足的休息不仅有助于恢复，还可以提高工作效率，根据Adequate rest，recover，increase，work efficiency定位到L段最后一句，把你所有的带薪休假都休掉，这不仅可以提供恢复期，还可以提高你的工作效率和晋升机会。

　　【39】题干指出作者在乘坐飞机前总是有一段忙碌的时间，根据hectic time，taking a flight定位到A段，我们竞相完成所有基础工作：打包，通过安检，打最后一分钟的工作电话，互相打电话，然后登机。

　　【40】题干指出即使一个人已停止工作，也可能无法恢复，根据题干Recovery，stopped working定位到E段第一句，工作停止并不意味着我们正在恢复。

　　【41】题干指出建议使用技术来防止人们过度工作，根据题干technology，prevent from，overworking定位到K段第二句，Amy Blankson描述了如何通过使用技术控制在战略上停止过度工作。

　　【42】题干指出与普遍的看法相反，休息并不等于恢复，根据题干rest does not equal recovery定位到I段最后一句休息和恢复并不同。

　　【43】题干指出作者已经意识到他的问题是由对弹性意义的误解造成的，根据题干problem，misunderstanding， the meaning of resilience定位到B段最后半句话，这个问题是由对弹性内涵的误解，以及过度工作带来的影响造成的。

　　【44】题干指出人们对弹性的歪曲观点可能源于他们的成长经历，根据题干distorted view，resilience，upbringing定位到G段第一句，对弹性的误解通常是从很小的时候就产生了。

　　【45】题干指出人们倾向于相信他们越坚定，他们就会越成功，根据题干determined，success定位到C段第二句，我们相信，我们坚持的越久，越坚韧，就越可能成功。

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